Pediatric Surgery is a sub-specialty of surgery. It involves surgery on neonates, Infants, Toddlers and young children. It caters the age group from zero day life to the age of 13 years. It arose in 1879 largely for the treatment of birth defects. The rapid development and advancement in pediatrics surgery occurred in last 40 years.
The congenital malformation commonly encounter are Small Bowel Atresia (SBA), Abdominal wall defects, Esophageal Atresia, Diaphragmatic hernias, Genitorurinary malformation, Telepes, Developmental Dysplaisa of hip (DDH), Neural Tube Defects (NTDS), Hirschsprung Disease, Anorectal Malformations, Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate and Hernias.
Most of the Gastro Intestinal, Esophegal, Neural Tube Defects (NTD) and Telepes need attention at birth or in neonatal period. The bulk of the emergency surgery includes the congenital defects of gastro intestinal tract, esophageal anomalies and Acute Appendictis. The common elective procedures are Inguinal Hernias, Undescended testis, Anorectal Mal Fromations, Hirschsprung Disease, NTD and genitourinary anomalies.

The development of sub-specialties in the Pediatric Surgery has given a new horizon in the pediatric patient care. The Intrauterine interventions have been considered in severe bilateral Hydronephrosis, Bilateral Congentital Diaphragmatic Hernias and Severe Hydrocephalus.